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How the Largest Dam Removal Project in History Will Commence Next Year

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Illustration of exploding dam


The largest dam removal project in history commences next year in northern California. When work begins on the Klamath River, the decades-long political battle to remove the combined 411 vertical feet of the J.C. Boyle, Copco #1, Copco #2 and Iron Gate dams will feel like the easy part. Here’s how the Klamath River Renewal Corporation plans to demo the largest one, Iron Gate, to avoid killing everyone downstream.

 

 

  1. The entire reservoir will flush through the dam’s old diversion tunnel, so job one is to close it off to clear out obstructions and have hard-hat divers repair the tunnel and gates.
  2. Once the diversion tunnel is cleared and reinforced with concrete the roller gates are opened.
  3. The 72-million-cubic-meter wall of water behind the dam is drained—gradually to prevent flooding downstream.
  4. Steel sheet piling along the crest, along with fish-holding tanks below the dam, are removed.
  5. Millions of pounds of compacted talus rock and gravel (with core of impervious clay) is removed with excavators. Crews move 7,500 cubic yards of rock per day, increasing to 16,000 cubic yards per day as work progresses to wider base.
  6. Excavator breaches upstream cofferdam, which prevents flooding, by digging series of notches down to the bedrock.
  7. Diversion tunnel, powerhouse, other structures demolished with hydraulic shears, hoe ramming, drilling, blasting.
  8. Klamath River should run free for 400 miles by the end of 2023. With drawdown complete, crews replace topsoil, then plant native grasses, trees, shrubs, other vegetation.
Dam structures get demolished with hydraulic shears, hoe ramming, drilling, and blasting. Illustration by Haisam Hussein

Why Remove a Dam?

Although hydropower is seen as “clean,” dams are far from eco-friendly.

“For the Yurok people, the fight for dam removal is more than an environmental issue—it is a fight for our very existence,” says Yurok Tribe Vice Chairman Frankie Myers, at the forefront of the Klamath River dams removal fight since 2002.

The coalition that lobbied to remove the dams included local tribes, Trout Unlimited, California Trout, tourism interests and the states of California and Oregon. Even power company PacifiCorp wants the four obsolete dams removed, as they contribute only 2 percent of their power supply and can’t be relicensed without hundreds of millions of dollars of upgrades.

The Klamath dams are part of a trend of dams coming down around the United States—90 were removed last year alone. In addition to impeding migration of native fish, researchers are learning rotting vegetation and other problems associated with the dams’ warm, slack-water reservoirs create billions of tons of greenhouses gases each year. One study said emissions from reservoirs on the world’s more than 1 million dams is comparable to those from rice paddies or biomass burning.

“We hope to see the Klamath River running clean and clear in 2023,” says Myers. “Based on results in recently undammed rivers in the Pacific Northwest, we expect a rapid rise in salmon populations. We will be able to build a truly sustainable tourism-based economy because it will be safe to recreate in the river year-round. The benefits of a healthy river are endless.”


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10 Best Porters to Drink Right Now

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A bottle of Deschutes Black Butte Porter




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Best Time-Under-Tension Workout for Total-Body Strength

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Barbell Back Squat


The key to 360-degree muscle: 90-degree eccentric isometrics. It might seem like we’re throwing a lot of geometry at you, but the concept behind time under tension (TUT) is simple, says Joel Seedman, PhD, owner of Advanced Human Performance: “Perform the lowering phase of a movement in a slow, controlled fashion, usually 3 to 5 seconds; pause in the stretched position, typically around 90 degrees; then perform the lifting phase in a powerful yet controlled fashion.” Believe us, a time-under-tension workout can humble even seasoned lifters…Eccentric isometrics are like the pressure cooker of training.

“Rather than mindlessly performing slow-tempo reps, you’re using the increased time under tension as a means to fine-tune your body mechanics and alignment, which requires more mental engagement and focus,” Seedman adds.

If you want to forge functional muscle mass and strength while simultaneously bulletproofing the joints and connective tissue, give this 10-move, full-body eccentric isometrics workout a go.

Directions

Perform the following moves as 90-degree eccentric isometrics following the above protocol. Use heavy weight, but not at the detriment of proper form. Rest 60 to 90 seconds between sets and 2 minutes between circuits. Perform once every 2 to 4 days for optimal results.

Best Time-Under-Tension Workout for Total-Body Strength

Circuit 1

Marius Bugge

A. Barbell Back Squat

Set a squat rack up with heavy weight, then grasp bar and step under it. Squeeze shoulder blades together, then stand to unrack bar and step back with feet shoulder-width apart. Inhale, hinge at hips and slowly bend knees to 90 degrees. Pause, keeping natural arch in low back, then extend through hips to powerfully stand. 3 x 4-6 reps

Athletic man wearing gray T-shirt and maroon shorts renegade row
Marius Bugge

B. Renegade Row

Start in the top position of a pushup with hands shoulder-width apart on moderate-to-heavy dumbbells (shown). Explosively drive right elbow back to row dumbbell toward ribs while balancing on opposite hand and feet. Pause, then slowly lower weight, stopping a few inches above floor. Switch sides after all reps are done. 3 x 5 reps each side

Circuit 2

Athletic man wearing gray T-shirt and maroon shorts doing renegade row Dumbbell Bentover Row in gym
Marius Bugge

A. Dumbbell Bentover Row

Stand with feet hip-width apart, holding two moderate-to-heavy dumbbells in front of thighs, palms facing you. Push hips back and hinge torso forward so it’s nearly parallel to floor, soft bend in knees. Dumbbells should be near shins. Drive elbows back to row weights toward ribs. Pause, then slowly lower down for 3 to 5 seconds. 3 x 4-5 reps

Athletic man wearing gray T-shirt and maroon shorts doing Incline Dumbbell Chest Press with Legs Raised 
Marius Bugge

B. Incline Dumbbell Chest Press with Legs Raised 

Set an adjustable bench to a 30- to 45-degree angle and lie back with dumbbells in either hand. Engage core and lift legs off floor, flexing feet. Press weights overhead, palms in. Slowly lower to 90 degrees, staying tight and compact. Pause, then drive weights up directly over chest. 3 x 4-5 reps

Circuit 3

Athletic man wearing gray T-shirt and maroon shorts doing Dumbbell Bulgarian Squat
Marius Bugge

A. Dumbbell Bulgarian Squat

Stand lunge-length in front of a flat bench, holding heavy dumbbells in each hand by your sides, palms facing in. Rest the ball on top (shoe’s laces) of your right foot behind you on the bench. Slowly lower your body until your front thigh is parallel to the floor. Pause, then drive through your heel to stand. Switch sides after all reps are complete. 2 x 3-4 reps each side

Athletic man wearing gray T-shirt and maroon shorts doing Single-leg Romanian Deadlift
Marius Bugge

B. Single-leg Romanian Deadlift

Stand with feet hip-width apart holding dumbbells or kettlebells. Drive right leg up, foot flexed, knee aligned with hip, making a 90-degree angle. Hinge at hips as you slowly lever your torso toward floor, lowering weights and driving right leg back for counterbalance. Hold, then squeeze glutes to reverse. 2 x 3-4 reps each side

Circuit 4

Athletic man wearing gray T-shirt and maroon shorts doing pullup
Marius Bugge

A. Pullup

Hang from a pullup bar using an overhand grip with legs extended and feet flexed. Engage lats and draw shoulders down your back, then pull yourself up until chin is higher than hands. Pause at the top, then slowly lower. Pause at bottom, then reset before your next rep. 2-3 x 4-5 reps

Athletic man wearing gray T-shirt and maroon shorts doing Kneeling Overhead Barbell Press
Marius Bugge

B. Kneeling Overhead Barbell Press

Hold a bar with moderate-to-heavy load at shoulder level with forearms perpendicular to floor. Kneel at end of bench with feet flexed to grip edge for support. Inhale, engage your core and glutes, then press the bar overhead, pushing your head forward so it passes your face, exhaling at the top.
Slowly lower until elbows are at 90 degrees, then hold to maintain tension. Begin your next rep from here. 2-3 x 4-5 reps

Circuit 5

A. Dumbbell Pushup

Place hands on dumbbells (this provides greater range of motion) at shoulder width and feet wider than shoulder width with just toes touching the ground. Keep head neutral and hips high to increase tension on core, chest and tris and reduce stress on spine. Slowly lower to the floor. Stop
once elbows hit 90 degrees, pause, then push up to start. 1-2 x 6-8 reps

B. Biceps Curl

Stand with feet hip-width apart with moderate-to-heavy dumbbells in each hand hanging by sides. Engage biceps to curl the weights up, keeping upper arms still. Pause at the top, then lower slowly. Don’t let arms drop all the way down to keep greater time under tension on biceps. 1-2 x 6-8 reps


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The Best Jump Ropes for a Killer Cardio Workout

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The Best Jump Ropes for a Killer Cardio Workout




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